OR…Don’t think about this the next time you’re descending a winding road.
Ask any cyclist how you steer a bike, and they’ll probably tell you that it’s a combination of turning the handlebars in the direction you want to go, and leaning into the turn, right? Well, not exactly. Although balancing and steering a bike is something we take for granted, and do automatically, it’s actually a very complex skill to describe.
BALANCING
We learned quickly about balancing. If the bike started to fall over to the RIGHT, we had to steer RIGHT, into the fall to straighten up. But think about it for a moment. When your mass began falling to the RIGHT, the act of steering to the right actually exerted a force on your mass in the opposite direction, bringing it back to the LEFT towards the upright position.
STEERING
So what about steering? Next time you’re out on flat ground, try the following experiment, but make sure you’re going very slowly! You’re going to isolate the two movements, steering and leaning. First, try to steer into a turn without leaning. In other words, if you want to go left, turn the handlebars left but remain upright on the bike without leaning into the turn. Whoa! I hope you pulled yourself out of it in time, because steering LEFT just caused you to fall RIGHT. Try steering right without leaning, and you’ll fall over to the left. In other words;
Steering in any direction will actually cause you to fall in the opposite direction.
Now try just leaning into a turn, but without turning the bars. The faster you are going, the harder it is to lean over anyway, but when you do manage, if you don’t steer into the fall, you’re just going to topple over.
COUNTER-STEERING
Which brings us to the concept of counter-steering. To initiate a RIGHT turn on a bike, you actually have to first, exert a force on the bars (steer) to the LEFT. This causes you to start to fall (lean) towards the RIGHT. Now you can move the bars right, (steer into the fall) to try to catch up until you are pointing in the direction you want to go, at which point you have to OVER-STEER to push yourself back upright. If you want to turn LEFT, you start with a counter-steer to the RIGHT, etc.
THE RULER ANALOGY
Imagine what would happen if you were trying to balance a ruler upright in the palm of your hand. If the ruler starts to fall over to the right, you have to move your hand to the right to catch up to its fall, and then overshoot it by a bit to bring it back upright. Now suppose you have the ruler under control, and you want to move it over to the right. If you start moving your hand to the RIGHT, the ruler is just going to fall over to the LEFT, so that won’t work. In fact, what you have to do is first make a small movement to the LEFT, which causes the ruler to fall towards the RIGHT, and now you can move your hand right until you reach the point you want to be at. So then, how do you stop the ruler from moving or falling further? You over shoot the fall to the right, which pushes the mass of the ruler left, and hopefully brings it back to upright.
SUMMARY:
When you want to make a turn, you have to:
- First counter-steer in the opposite direction, which causes you to fall (lean) in the direction you want to go.
- Which then allows you to bring the handlebars around and steer into the fall until you are pointing in the desired direction.
- Now to bring yourself out of the turn, you have to over-steer even further into the turn, which will push your mass opposite and bring you upright.
Have fun on those hairpins next time out!